Beating Dengue Together: Essential Dengue Awareness and Prevention Tips for Homes and Communities

The 2024 dengue outbreak in Bangladesh has been severe, with October becoming the deadliest month so far. As of October 24, 2024, the total death toll had reached 264, with 108 fatalities occurring in the first 23 days of October alone. There have been over 53,000 reported cases this year, with more than 20,000 of those cases occurring in October. Experts have pointed to insufficient mosquito control measures and delayed hospitalisations as key reasons for the surge in cases. Source: The Daily Star

Urgent and widespread awareness is crucial to combat this escalating public health emergency. For that, we first need to understand this viral infection and how it spreads.

Understanding Dengue

Dengue fever is a viral illness transmitted by the Aedes mosquito, specifically Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. These mosquitoes are active during daylight hours, and they thrive in warm, humid climates like ours.

How Dengue Spreads

Dengue spreads through the bite of an infected female Aedes aegypti or Aedes albopictus mosquito. These mosquitoes become carriers of the dengue virus after biting a person who is already infected. Once infected, the mosquitoes can spread the virus to other people through bites. Aedes mosquitoes are typically active during the daytime, especially in the early morning and just before dusk, and they often breed in stagnant water, such as in flower pots, containers, and discarded tyres.

Common Symptoms

Dengue symptoms typically begin 4–10 days after being bitten by an infected mosquito and can last for 2–7 days. Common symptoms include:

1. High fever (104°F or 40°C)
2. Severe headache
3. Pain behind the eyes
4. Joint, muscle, and bone pain
5. Nausea and vomiting
6. Swollen glands
7. Rash appearing 2–5 days after fever onset

In severe cases (dengue hemorrhagic fever), symptoms may progress to bleeding, blood plasma leakage, and organ impairment. Immediate medical attention is crucial for severe symptoms.

Proper knowledge of dengue can help us take more effective measures to protect our families and communities. Dengue prevention begins at home and extends into our neighbourhoods.

Preventing Dengue at Home

1. Eliminate Stagnant Water: The simplest and most effective way to reduce the risk of dengue is to remove breeding sites. Check for any containers that may collect rainwater, such as flower pots, buckets, and old tyres. Empty and clean them regularly. Make sure that water storage containers are tightly sealed and covered.
    
2. Use Mosquito Nets and Repellents: Sleeping under mosquito nets, even during the day, can significantly reduce exposure. Applying mosquito repellents to exposed skin and wearing long-sleeved clothing when possible adds an extra layer of protection.
    
3. Install Mosquito Screens: Cover windows and doors with fine mesh to keep mosquitoes out, especially in bedrooms and living areas. It’s a small step that can make a big difference in preventing mosquito bites.
    
4. Clean Your Environment: Regularly clean your home and surroundings to prevent mosquitoes from finding places to breed. Make sure to unclog drains, and regularly check for any water that might collect around construction sites or outdoor areas.
    
5. Proper Waste Management: Dispose of solid waste properly and ensure that garbage bins have lids. If possible, recycle old containers and manage waste efficiently to minimize mosquito breeding grounds.

Community Efforts for Dengue Prevention

Individual efforts are critical, but working together as a community can amplify our impact. Here’s how we can collectively keep dengue at bay:

1. Organize Community Clean-Up Drives: Initiate or participate in local clean-up activities to get rid of potential mosquito breeding sites in public areas. By cleaning open spaces, playgrounds, and community centres, we reduce the risk of mosquitoes spreading in large numbers.
    
2. Raise Awareness: Awareness campaigns can help educate neighbours about the dangers of dengue and the importance of mosquito control. Consider partnering with local health officials to distribute informational flyers and conduct workshops.
    
3. Collaborate with Local Authorities: Advocate for regular fogging and spraying of mosquito repellent in your area, particularly in densely populated neighbourhoods. Encourage the authorities to be proactive, especially before and during the monsoon season.

Personal Responsibility: Taking Care When Infected

If you or a family member suspects a dengue infection, seek medical attention immediately. While there is no specific antiviral treatment for dengue, supportive care and hydration are critical. Rest, monitor for warning signs, and follow your doctor’s advice. It is also crucial to avoid getting bitten by mosquitoes during this time to prevent further spread of the virus.

Dengue prevention requires a concerted effort from every individual and every community. We must remain vigilant and committed to simple yet effective measures, like removing stagnant water, using mosquito nets, and raising awareness. By taking proactive steps, we can reduce the risk of dengue and protect the health of our loved ones.

Remember, protecting our homes and neighbourhoods from dengue starts with us. Let’s unite in this fight and create a healthier, safer Bangladesh for all.